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Environmental Chemistry

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Acid Rain

 Acid rain, acid deposition or acid precipitation is a broad term which is any form of precipitation with acidic compounds including sulphuric acid and nitric acid that falls down the Earth in dry or wet form.  pH of acid rain Acid rain have pH less than 5.6 (5.5 or less than 5.5)  Slightly acid rain includes carbonic acid which is weak acid that is formed from CO2 in atmosphere without any pollutants Sources of Acid rain  1. Industrial process ( iron & steel production)  2. Natural disasters ( volcanic erruption, sea sprays)  3. Transportation 4. Industrial combustion  5. Electric utilities 6. Industrial boilers  7. By-product of firing process  8. Natural process ( bacterial action, forest fires etc)  How acid rain formed?  S + O2 -----------> SO2  SO2 + ½O2 --------> SO3  SO3 + H2O ----------> H2SO4  NO2 + H2O ----------> HNO3  Acid Deposition  1. Dry Deposition ( refers to acidic gases ...
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Ozone depletion in Stratosphere

 Ozone layer  Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen which forms a layer in stratosphere (about 50km from Earth's surface) that protects us from Ultraviolet radiations coming from sun.  Occurrence  Most of ozone concentration is present in polar region because there is less U.V B (280-320nm) and less air currents are present. Besides, rate of decomposition is equal to rate of formation of ozone. Ozone is present in two forms  Good Ozone  Bad Ozone  Good Ozone  Ozone layer which is present in stratosphere that protects Earth's surface from Ultraviolet radiations. UV radiation are of three types  UV A ..........(320nm to 400nm)   UV B ..........(280nm to 320nm) UV C ...........( 200nm to 280nm)  Bad Ozone  Ozone present in troposphere which act as a pollutant , therefore it's called as bad Ozone.  Formation of ozone  Ozone is formed in equatorial region then moves to polar region and then towards lower altitude. Ozo...
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Types of water pollution

Water pollution occur due to presence of waste products in water. As a result, aquatic life is disturbed.  1. Chemical pollution 2. Organic pollution 3. Inorganic pollution 4. Eutrophication 5. Thermal pollution 6. Microbiological pollution  7. Ground water pollution 8. Thermal pollution 9. Surface water pollution 10. Oil spillage 
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